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- Title
- A case study of ocean acidification and South Florida’s coral reefs.
- Name/Creator
-
Camden, Lauren
- Abstract/Description
-
Levels of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide have been increasing dramatically in the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution with a sharp escalation occurring due to anthropogenic causes such as the burning of fossil fuels. The ocean acts as a carbon sink for this atmospheric CO2, absorbing a large majority of it. This process causes a chemical reaction that has been increasing the acidity level of ocean water and progressively lowering the average pH value. When a carbon...
Show moreLevels of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide have been increasing dramatically in the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution with a sharp escalation occurring due to anthropogenic causes such as the burning of fossil fuels. The ocean acts as a carbon sink for this atmospheric CO2, absorbing a large majority of it. This process causes a chemical reaction that has been increasing the acidity level of ocean water and progressively lowering the average pH value. When a carbon dioxide molecule is absorbed into sea water, two positively charged ions are produced. Because pH value is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration in any given solution, these added hydrogen ions effectively lower the pH value of the ocean. Since these hydrogen ions are positively charged, they go on to interact with the negatively charged bases already present in the ocean. One of these bases is CaCO3, or the carbonate ion. Carbonate is essential to calcifying marine organisms, who use this ion to build and maintain their shells and skeletons. However, as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase and the resulting chemical reactions occur, the ocean’s carbonate saturation decreases. Coral is one such calcifying organism that essential to the aquatic ecosystem in a number of ways, most of which can be attributed to the fact that coral reefs are one of the planet’s most biodiverse ecosystems despite inhabiting only a very small portion of the ocean. Several studies have linked coral’s carbonate production to their ability to create functional skeletons. One such study was published by Kuffner et al in 2013 in the Florida Keys. Four sites ranging from Miami to the Dry Tortugas were selected, and two batches of forty Siderastrea siderea (massive starlet coral) each were selected for two experimental runs. At six-month intervals, these samples were analyzed to determine linear expansion rates and calcification levels. After analysis in both runs, a strong correlation between linear expansion rates and calcification levels was determined. Corals that experienced heightened calcification rates also experienced heightened linear expansion. This experiment solidified the negative affect ocean acidification will have in future years on coral reefs if left unacknowledged. Langdon et al also published an experiment done in the Florida Keys in 2013 that determined a relationship between increased atmospheric CO2 levels and decreased calcification rates of coral. Eleven samples of a combination of Siderastrea radians (shallow water starlet coral) and Solenastrea hyades (smooth star coral) were epoxied to cinderblocks with sensors recording environmental data at thirty-minute intervals. Random samples were incubated in tanks in situ and given a treatment regime designed to simulate increased ocean acidification conditions through chemical injections of NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) and HCl (hydrogen chloride). This treatment lowered pH value in the incubation chambers by 0.1 to 0.2 units. Calcification rates of the incubated coral samples were determined through statistical analysis. Coral samples that experienced a 0.1 unit drop in pH value experienced decreased calcification rates of 50% and coral samples that experiences a 0.2 unit drop in pH value experienced a decreased calcification rate of 52%. Both of these studies combined showcases the two-part threat ocean acidification is placing on coral reefs in the Florida Keys. As the average pH of ocean water drops, corals are unable to achieve net carbonate accretion and calcification rates drop. This causes corals to experience stunted linear expansion, density, rugosity, and reproduction rates. As coral population dwindles, Florida will experience several negative socio-economic impacts such as diminished coastal protection from storms, tourism, income and jobs created by fisheries, and medicinal opportunities as new life-saving medicines will no longer be able to be harvested from dying reefs. Mitigation and adaptation methods must include reducing other local stressors to coral.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020-06-15
- Identifier
- BC744
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC744
- Title
- A literature review of ocean acidification’s effect on coral calcification rates and skeletal growth.
- Name/Creator
-
Camden, Lauren
- Abstract/Description
-
Ocean acidification is one of many threats to marine life as a result of increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide being absorbed by ocean water. Anthropogenic levels of carbon dioxide have been rising dramatically in the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, with a sharp escalation occurring due to practices such as the burning of fossil fuels. The ocean acts as a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2, absorbing a large portion of it. This process causes a chemical...
Show moreOcean acidification is one of many threats to marine life as a result of increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide being absorbed by ocean water. Anthropogenic levels of carbon dioxide have been rising dramatically in the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution, with a sharp escalation occurring due to practices such as the burning of fossil fuels. The ocean acts as a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2, absorbing a large portion of it. This process causes a chemical reaction that progressively lowers the average pH of oceans globally. When a carbon dioxide molecule is absorbed into sea water, two positively charged ions are produced. As pH value is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration in any given solution, these added hydrogen ions effectively lower the pH of the ocean and causes it to be more acidic. Since these hydrogen ions are positively charged, they to interact with the negatively charged bases already present in the ocean. One of these bases is CaCO3, or the carbonate ion. Carbonate is essential to calcifying marine organisms, who use this ion to build and maintain their shells and skeletons. However, as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase and the resulting chemical reactions occur, the ocean’s carbonate saturation decreases. Coral is one such calcifying organism that essential to the aquatic ecosystem in a number of ways, most of which can be attributed to the fact that coral reefs are one of the planet’s most biodiverse ecosystems despite inhabiting only a very small portion of the ocean. With this process occurring at accumulative speeds, how will ocean acidification affect the calcification rates- and therefore the growth and development- of coral in the coming years worldwide? Several studies have confirmed the relationship between increased carbon dioxide levels and the resulting decreased calcification levels and structural deformities present in coral reefs. In 2005 Langdon et al published a study that tested coral calcification rates with varying rates of carbon dioxide saturation in ocean water. Specimens of Porites compressa (finger coral) and Montipora verucosa (rice coral) were collected off the coast of Hawaii and placed in an offshore experimental flume where a series of incubations were performed in Summer 1999 and Winter 2000. From August to September 1999, eighteen incubations were performed with ambient conditions and nine incubations were performed with pCO2 levels at 1.7 times what ambient conditions were. A second round of fifteen incubations were performed from January to February 2000. Six incubations were done at an ambient pCO2, two were done at 1.4 times, and six were done at 2.0 times ambient conditions. Calcification rates for all incubations were calculated through statistical analysis. As a result, calcification decreased 26%, 40%, and 80% respectively to increased pCO2. Another such study was conducted by Langdon et al again in 2013, this time in the Florida Bay. Samples of Siderastrea radians (shallow starlet coral) and Solenastrea hyades (smooth star coral) were collected near Peterson Key and attached to cinderblocks with sensors logging environmental data such as pH and temperature at thirty-minute intervals. A random subset of these corals was incubated in situ and given a treatment regime designed to simulate increased ocean acidification conditions. This treatment lowered pH value in the incubation chambers by 0.1 to 0.2 units. Calcification rates of the incubated coral samples were determined through statistical analysis. Coral samples that experienced a 0.1 unit drop in pH value experienced decreased calcification rates of 50% and coral samples that experiences a 0.2 unit drop in pH value experienced a decreased calcification rate of 52%. These studies both exemplified the strong correlation that exists between pCO2 present, increased acidity in ocean water, and decreased calcification rates of coral. In 2016, Foster et al published a study that demonstrated the structural deformities coral experience as a result of this calcification reduct.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020-06-15
- Identifier
- BC742
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC742
- Title
- African Mask.
- Abstract/Description
-
This is a Songye mask. The Songye people live in Democratic Republic of Congo. They are a relatively small tribe with a central chief and many secret societies. This mask or kifewebe, as masks are called in the Songye language, is of a male figure. This is determined by the center crest on its head. It represents a spirit and bears striations which is one of the chief differentiators of Songye masks. A mask like this would have been used by the kifewebe society to ward off evil, avert...
Show moreThis is a Songye mask. The Songye people live in Democratic Republic of Congo. They are a relatively small tribe with a central chief and many secret societies. This mask or kifewebe, as masks are called in the Songye language, is of a male figure. This is determined by the center crest on its head. It represents a spirit and bears striations which is one of the chief differentiators of Songye masks. A mask like this would have been used by the kifewebe society to ward off evil, avert disaster and heal the sick. When worn in dances, it serves the dancer for its connotation of aggression to help the chief maintain order and control. This mask is believed to embody supernatural forces and the magic it carries is decided by the size of its crest. The white color of the striations symbolizes peace and purity while the red could mean any of danger, fire, blood, evil, courage or fortitude. Songye masks are easily identified by their striations and their shapes. The eyes, noses and mouths are carved in high relief. Often, the lips form star-shaped puckers to give the masks the impression of whistling or pouting.
Show less - Identifier
- BC004, 2014
- Format
- Image (JPEG2000)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC004
- Title
- AGRRA protocols and coral reef health in the Caribbean.
- Name/Creator
-
Quintana, Arely
- Abstract/Description
-
The objective of The Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) coral monitoring is to assess the size and overall condition of corals ≥ 4 cm to help evaluate important structural and functional attributes of tropical western Atlantic coral reefs. Data collected can provide information representative of large areas, like shelves, islands, countries or ecoregions. The coral monitoring surveys can be performed by snorkeling (
Show moreThe objective of The Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) coral monitoring is to assess the size and overall condition of corals ≥ 4 cm to help evaluate important structural and functional attributes of tropical western Atlantic coral reefs. Data collected can provide information representative of large areas, like shelves, islands, countries or ecoregions. The coral monitoring surveys can be performed by snorkeling (< 1.5 m), but SCUBA is now recommended for most assessments with diver expertise ranging from novice to highly trained. Survey sites should be chosen randomly within a geomorphic zone of a reef on an insular or continental shelf within one of twelve marine shelf ecoregions of the Tropical Northwestern province of the Tropical Atlantic biogeographic realm. The spatial extent of a site is about 200 m x 200 m and zones of maximum reef development are highly recommended. Recording of exact location using GPS is critical for data quality and consistency. Surveys are completed to assess coral health, recruitments, size, and species. Although single metrics are insufficient to measure whole coral system health due to the highly dynamic nature of reefs, the information collected can indirectly measure environmental quality of the reef and assist in understanding the effects of local and regional stressors. The use of trained volunteer divers whether amateur or professional provides a wealth of information in a cost friendly manner and the data collected from over 3,000 surveys is available in an open-access public database. Information collected from monitoring surveys has become a key source of scientific data used in other research programs, reef policies, legislation, management and conservation.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021-04-21
- Identifier
- BC3355
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC3355
- Title
- An English girl in Tokyo.
- Name/Creator
-
Richardson, Teresa Eden
- Date Issued
- 1905
- Identifier
- BC062, englishgirlintok1905tere
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC062
- Title
- Asian Lotus Shoe.
- Abstract/Description
-
Foot binding (also known as "Lotus feet") is the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. The practice possibly originated among upper-class court dancers during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Imperial China (10th or 11th century). Foot binding became popular as a means of displaying status (women from wealthy families who did not need them to work could afford to have their feet bound) and was correspondingly adopted as a...
Show moreFoot binding (also known as "Lotus feet") is the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. The practice possibly originated among upper-class court dancers during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Imperial China (10th or 11th century). Foot binding became popular as a means of displaying status (women from wealthy families who did not need them to work could afford to have their feet bound) and was correspondingly adopted as a symbol of beauty in Chinese culture. Shoe for bound foot. Cloth, with black edging, purple cloth tape; embroidered floral/swastika design; pink tapes for securing shoe; broad cloth piece sewn to inside heel; reinforced arched sole with blue/white/red stripes and floral painted design.
Show less - Identifier
- BC005, 1928
- Format
- Image (JPEG2000)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC005
- Title
- Blee Tapped For JCBC Job.
- Date Issued
- 1966-05-21
- Identifier
- BC2605
- Format
- Image (JPEG)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC2605
- Title
- Blue Morpho Butterfly.
- Abstract/Description
-
The blue morpho butterfly’s wings are bright blue, edged with black and brown. The blue morpho is among the largest butterflies in the world, with wings spanning from five to eight inches. Their vivid, iridescent blue coloring is a result of the microscopic scales on the backs of their wings, which reflect light. The underside of the morpho’s wings, on the other hand, is a dull brown color with many eyespots.
- Date Issued
- 1996
- Identifier
- BC040, 1906
- Format
- Image (JPEG2000)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC040
- Title
- The book of the lion.
- Name/Creator
-
Pease, Alfred E. (Alfred Edward)
- Date Issued
- 1913
- Identifier
- BC064, bookoflion1913alfr
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC064
- Title
- Botchan: (Master Darling) by the late Mr. Kin-nosuke Natsume.
- Name/Creator
-
Natsume, Soseki, Morri, Yasotaro
- Date Issued
- 1918
- Identifier
- BC100, botchanmasterdar1918nats
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC100
- Title
- Broward Golf Team Shoots To First Win; Falcons Catch BJC's Golfers.
- Date Issued
- 1967-03-11
- Identifier
- BC2955
- Format
- Image (JPEG)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC2955
- Title
- Broward's Economy Outpacing Nation, Dade.
- Name/Creator
-
Kelley, Jack
- Date Issued
- 1967-04-02
- Identifier
- BC3026
- Format
- Image (JPEG)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC3026
- Title
- Carved Antler Bone.
- Abstract/Description
-
Carved antler bone, possibly Tequesta Indian, found at the Margate-Blount archaeological dig area. It is a small piece of unidentified bone that has been intricately carved. Prominent carvings include dual four leaf clover designs and a zoomorphic hook. Margate-Blount was discovered in 1959 by former Pompano Beach Mayor Bruce Blount, who found a wooden crypt filled with skeletons after engineers bulldozed the area he was leasing. Archaeologists began to study the site north of Northwest...
Show moreCarved antler bone, possibly Tequesta Indian, found at the Margate-Blount archaeological dig area. It is a small piece of unidentified bone that has been intricately carved. Prominent carvings include dual four leaf clover designs and a zoomorphic hook. Margate-Blount was discovered in 1959 by former Pompano Beach Mayor Bruce Blount, who found a wooden crypt filled with skeletons after engineers bulldozed the area he was leasing. Archaeologists began to study the site north of Northwest 72nd Street and west of University Drive. Subsequent digs were conducted through 2002. Items pulled over the years include ceramics, shells, antlers, carved animal bones, shark teeth and a shark vertebrae. It's one of about 500 Indian archaeological sites scattered everywhere from along the beach in Fort Lauderdale all the way out to Weston and the Everglades.
Show less - Identifier
- BC006, 1858
- Format
- Image (JPEG2000)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC006
- Title
- Delaware state soil - Greenwich.
- Name/Creator
-
Gazdick, Kaitlin
- Abstract/Description
-
The predominate soil order in Delaware is Ultisols. They are located in mostly humid, temperate, and tropical areas that are in older and more stable parts of the world. An accumulation of clay can be found on the top layer. They consist of weathered, acid forest soils, low in calcium, magnesium, and potassium. These elements are present in soil as ions forming cation exchange capacity that is often reduced due to leaching and take up 9.2 percent of the total United States land area. The...
Show moreThe predominate soil order in Delaware is Ultisols. They are located in mostly humid, temperate, and tropical areas that are in older and more stable parts of the world. An accumulation of clay can be found on the top layer. They consist of weathered, acid forest soils, low in calcium, magnesium, and potassium. These elements are present in soil as ions forming cation exchange capacity that is often reduced due to leaching and take up 9.2 percent of the total United States land area. The state soil of Delaware is Greenwich, and it is the most significant and prevalent soil in the state. Greenwich is located on uplands of the coastal plain and consists of 123,000+ acres and takes up 9.4 percent of land in Delaware. The parent material is sandy alluvial sediments, transported by water, from the Atlantic Coastal Plain overlain with deposits high silt bothwind-blown, and water transported sediment. The warm humid climate in which Greenwich developed, causes leaching due to abundant rainfall. Leaves, twigs, roots, and other plant material on the surface of pine forests degrade into the soil. The soil horizon is described as having a topsoil of brown loam that is 10 inches thick brown loam. The upper subsoil is strong brown loam, and the lower subsoil is yellowish brown sandy loam. The substratum is yellowish brown coarse sand stratified with dark yellowish brown loamy sand. Greenwich is a productive soil used for crops such as vegetables and forest products. It is also often used for construction and recreational development.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021-04-21
- Identifier
- BC3352
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC3352
- Title
- Determining the extent of saltwater influence on groundwater in Dr. Von D. Mizell Eula Johnson State Park.
- Name/Creator
-
Deitsch, Adam Michael
- Abstract/Description
-
Dr. Von D. Mizell-Eula Johnson State Park is a barrier island off the coast of Dania Beach, Florida. Situated between the Atlantic Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway, with the brackish Whiskey Creek transecting the park from north to south, the park is home to several coastal ecosystems and poses an unique opportunity to collect valuable data to assess the impact of sea-level rise on the distinct ecological communities within. The park is managed by the Florida Department of Environmental...
Show moreDr. Von D. Mizell-Eula Johnson State Park is a barrier island off the coast of Dania Beach, Florida. Situated between the Atlantic Ocean and the Intracoastal Waterway, with the brackish Whiskey Creek transecting the park from north to south, the park is home to several coastal ecosystems and poses an unique opportunity to collect valuable data to assess the impact of sea-level rise on the distinct ecological communities within. The park is managed by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Division of Recreation and Parks. Goals for the park management and protection include protecting the water quality and quantity in the park (including restoring hydrology to a feasible level), as well as restoring and maintaining the natural communities within the park. As studies have shown, changes of the salinity in the groundwater and surrounding soils can affect the viability of coastal forest habitats and cause a shift in ecotones. To this date, there have been no detailed studies on the extent of the groundwater dynamics within the park. With three bodies of water with differing salinity surrounding the park, the geological design should create four independent zones of saline lensing around the freshwater lenses within the two segments of the island. Installation of piezometers in east-west transects at regular increments from the north to the south could allow for the mapping of the transition from saline to freshwater within the park. Subsequent sampling and testing of temperature, salinity, and water depth, as well as other ambient factors, over a complete lunar cycle, would provide critical data in determining the extent of the tides and sea-level rise on park’s freshwater-saltwater interface. Understanding this dynamic flux is vital in preservation and restoration management plans, especially involving protection and reestablishment of at-risk or endangered species. This research will provide insight into predictable changes in the park’s communities. This knowledge can be incorporated into established Florida Department of Environmental Protection management and monitoring plan. Establishing long-term groundwater monitoring protocols can influence future protection and restoration projects with ground truth data. If successful, this type of monitoring can be expanded to other state parks of similar coastal geomorphological features.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020-06-15
- Identifier
- BC747
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC747
- Title
- Establishing a Long term Monitoring Plan for Hallandale Beach, Florida Nearshore Coral Reef Habitats.
- Name/Creator
-
Pollard, Madison Jane
- Abstract/Description
-
The city of Hallandale Beach, Florida adopted the “Our Local Coral Reef Protection Ordinance” in June of 2019, with plans to restore their coastline and protect the community from future storm surges. Ordinance No. 2019 1- 011 added sections 5 to 8 in Chapter 13 "Health and Sanitation" of the city of Hallandale Beach code of ordinances, which outline strategies to protect and restore the resilience of the nearshore coral reef. Complex coral reef systems bring higher biodiversity and will...
Show moreThe city of Hallandale Beach, Florida adopted the “Our Local Coral Reef Protection Ordinance” in June of 2019, with plans to restore their coastline and protect the community from future storm surges. Ordinance No. 2019 1- 011 added sections 5 to 8 in Chapter 13 "Health and Sanitation" of the city of Hallandale Beach code of ordinances, which outline strategies to protect and restore the resilience of the nearshore coral reef. Complex coral reef systems bring higher biodiversity and will raise the economic value of the reef to tourism. The length of Hallandale Beach shoreline is approximately 0.80mi (4200ft). Acropora cervicornis (Staghorn coral), a critically endanger species, is said to be found ½ mile off the coast of Hallandale Beach and is an important reef-building species to be monitored. This proposal will establish a long-term monitoring plan and baseline for the nearshore coral reef based on the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocols. It will briefly outline procedures needed to accomplish the three different monitoring surveys and important indicators each SCUBA diver will be required to record. Corals are the primary builders of reef habitats and they benefit from the presence of reef fish and benthic organisms. Reef fish have different eating habits that promote positive structure changes such as, keeping turf algae in check clearing room for recruitment of polyps. Benthic promotors such as, crustose coralline algae and minimal turf algae encourage a healthy reef habitat. According to a map of Broward County, Florida reef structure created by Brain Walker, the linear reef inner begins about 0.80 mi (4200ft) and the liner reef middle ends at about 1.75mi (9240ft) from the shore. There appears to be no linear outer reef off the coast of Hallandale Beach. There is no previous baseline to compare future surveyed data or confirm presence and density of diver sighted Acropora cervicornis. Baselines are important historical data that enables the city to identify changes in the complexity of the reef structure and responses to climate change to make proactive decisions. An initial baseline of Hallandale’s reef will be made to be comparable with future monitoring data, as well as determine the effectiveness of the management plans in place. AGGRA protocols require a minimum of six divers and with the use of city vendors, equipment costs can be as low as 230 dollars. Without a coral reef, the city may face costly damages from natural disasters such as hurricanes. Coral Reefs provide protection against storm surges that without, coastal erosion would increase and leave the city without an offshore defense against high energy wave action. AGRRA protocols will be applied to create a basic level survey easily adaptable, this will provide community building and outreach opportunities through citizen science and volunteering.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020-06-15
- Identifier
- BC746
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC746
- Title
- Evaluating different methods to determine a cause for reproductive failure in Lobatus gigas.
- Name/Creator
-
Pollard, Madison Jane
- Abstract/Description
-
Queen conch (Lobatus gigas) have been experiencing low reproduction rates throughout their distribution. Imposex female conchs have been observed with male verges in the British Virgin Islands and have been linked to areas of high boating activity. While in the Florida Keys, reduced reproduction has been linked to Lobatus gigas located in nearshore habitats. This literature review will evaluate the most effective method to determine a cause for reproductive failure in Lobatus gigas. In the...
Show moreQueen conch (Lobatus gigas) have been experiencing low reproduction rates throughout their distribution. Imposex female conchs have been observed with male verges in the British Virgin Islands and have been linked to areas of high boating activity. While in the Florida Keys, reduced reproduction has been linked to Lobatus gigas located in nearshore habitats. This literature review will evaluate the most effective method to determine a cause for reproductive failure in Lobatus gigas. In the British Virgin Islands, Cassander Titley-O’Neal analyzed imposex females and performed a butylin analysis on the digestive glands and food resources within the habitat the conch were collected. Titley-O’Neal recognized imposex morphology in Lobatus gigas and collected samples based on these features in areas of high boating activity, using reproductively normal conch from areas of low boating activity as reference. Gabriel Delgado compared the gonadal tissue and cerebral ganglia cell diameter and density of non-imposex queen conch offshore and nearshore in the Florida Keys. In the La Parguera area of Puerto Rico, Shawna E. Reed compared the gonads of imposex females to normal female conch gonads. Low concentrations of Tributyltin (TBT) in the turtle grass and marine algae samples taken by Titley-O’Neal, suggested food source is not enough uptake of TBT to cause imposex in Lobatus gigas. The presence of TBT was found in both male and female digestive glands, and in all sites, except one reference site, Anegada, but was highest in boating active sites. Concentration of Tributyltin was observed to be higher in male conch compared to females of the same area. The nearshore male and female queen conch of the Florida Keys were found to have less than 50% developed gametogenic tissue resulting in more than half being sexually inactive. The offshore population were observed to be highly reproductive with over 50% developed oogenic tissue in females and over 75% spermatogenic tissue in males. Delgado concluded that there appears to be abnormalities in the cerebral ganglion (c.g. responsible for hormone production) and deficiencies in the gonads of nearshore conch, both associated with reproduction. Given there was no environmental samples taken, there is no confirmed environmental or physical source for the cause of the abnormality in nearshore conch, other than the closer geographic proximity to anthropogenic factors. Reed compared imposex gonads to the gonads of normal reproducing females and determined no difference in sexual tissue. Imposex females demonstrated no male-like behavior. One imposex female was collected near an egg mass and had emptied signet cells, indicating successful reproduction. After evaluating each method, it appears abnormalities in cerebral ganglia, and deficiencies in gonads have been more successful in providing reason for reproductive failure in Lobatus gigas, compared to looking at masculinized females. Imposex has not yet been proven to have a negative effect on conch reproduction other than hypothesized issues regarding eggs masses as of present. Further study in the spawning of normal and imposex queen conch, with specific attention to their egg masses and habits, can potentially link imposex to failing reproduction among aggregations. Butlytin analysis on the gonads of queen conch may determine a link between Tributyltin concentration and delay in gametogenic tissues. Further research in water quality and sediment sampling to detect TBT in habitats of Lobatus gigas spawning.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2020-06-15
- Identifier
- BC745
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC745
- Title
- Five years' hunting adventures in South Africa : being an account of sport with the lion, elephant, buffalo, rhinoceros, camelopard, ostrich, hippopotamus, wildebest, koodoo, hyaena, &c., &c.
- Name/Creator
-
Gordon-Cumming, Roualeyn
- Date Issued
- [1892?]
- Identifier
- BC065, fiveyearshunting1892roua
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC065
- Title
- Florida Tech To Rank With MIT, Kirk Predicts.
- Name/Creator
-
North, Don
- Date Issued
- 1967-03-20
- Identifier
- BC2977
- Format
- Image (JPEG)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC2977
- Title
- Florida’s infamous invaders: the impact of the green iguana in South Florida.
- Name/Creator
-
Santiago, Paris
- Abstract/Description
-
Since the 1960’s, south Florida has become an ideal habitat to the green iguana (Iguana iguana), a species that is not native to the region or state. Their introduction to Miami-Dade county is a result of the under-regulated pet trade, and the effects of this have been felt at an increasing intensity in the last five decades. Though most invasive species that garner the level of attention from the public and wildlife officials alike pose a direct threat to the native flora and fauna, the...
Show moreSince the 1960’s, south Florida has become an ideal habitat to the green iguana (Iguana iguana), a species that is not native to the region or state. Their introduction to Miami-Dade county is a result of the under-regulated pet trade, and the effects of this have been felt at an increasing intensity in the last five decades. Though most invasive species that garner the level of attention from the public and wildlife officials alike pose a direct threat to the native flora and fauna, the largest issue regarding the green iguana is the damages to structures and private property. Iguanas are able to succeed so greatly in South Florida due to the tropical climate and increasingly warmer winters (the coldest average temperature for January, the harshest winter month is at 65* Fahrenheit, currently). These ideal temperatures for prolonged periods paired with the lack of any enemy in the environment allow for iguana numbers to increase, almost entirely without bounds. With consistently warming climates, habitats can become suitable to invaders that can cause damage to native species and create socio-economic disasters Though the state allows the killing of iguanas by private property owners, this solution is now effective against the exponential growth the species experiences each year. With proper enforcement of fair and legal pet trading, education on invasive species and their impacts, and ethical relocation efforts to areas where expensive damages cannot be carried out easily, the invasion may see a slowdown. If efforts are made to reduce practices that expedite climate change, the ability for non-native and invasive species to spread and adapt to new potential habitat ranges will be reduced as well.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2021-04-21
- Identifier
- BC3357
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/broward/fd/BC3357